Article originally commissioned for 16:9 Magazine of Australia

But I get so many emails asking, should I buy a 5dmk2 instead of X, Y or Z that I have taken that article and greatly expanded it so hopefully it will answer many questions.

DSLRs, the death of 35mm Adaptors?

By Philip Bloom

Last year, out of the blue I suddenly heard of the Nikon D90. A digital SLR that shoots 720p 24p video with 35mm lenses? Really?! So of course I wanted one, and not having much patience I bought it from B&H Photo Video in New York as I could get it a week early!

So it arrived, I went out and shot some stuff… wow, did it have issues! The sensor looked like it was made out of Jelly and getting focus was a huge issue, but it did work very nicely in low light. For me, the rolling shutter issues and the lack of audio input made it a cool toy, a great stills camera but not such a great video camera. I was disappointed. It could have been so great. But this was the first of a new breed and something that will change the camera landscape for all of us.

How did I get to the point, where the notion of a DSLR that could shoot high-definition video became so appealing? Well, for those of you who aren’t familiar with the 35mm adaptor revolution, let me recap…

For two and a half years now I have been using and experimenting with 35mm adaptors extensively. What is a “35mm adaptor” you ask? Well it’s a way of giving your video a film-look by using special adaptors that provide the depth of field (DOF) characteristics of 35mm film on your bog standard 1/3″ chip or similar video camera. You can use them on 2/3″ cameras as well, but it’s in the small chip market that these adaptors really excel.  

I have bought just about every one that has come out so far. The Letus flip-enhanced, the Redrock M2, Cinevate’s Brevis, the Letus Extreme, Letus Ultimate, Shoot 35 Blade, Cinemek G35, Jag35… the list goes on.

 

 

You see, when I first got a Sony Z1 to play with it was my first proper experience with a small-chip professional camera, I had been shooting Betacam up until then (with 2/3″ sensors) and was shocked that with the Z1 I just couldn’t knock that background out of focus. So I looked into it, understood the physics behind it and found out about these adaptors. 

The basic principal behind the adaptors is that you have a piece of ground glass (glass with a fine grain pattern in it) approximately the same size as a frame of 35mm film, which is placed inside a housing with threads for your video camera’s lens on the back and a 35mm lens mount (generally an SLR lens mount) on the front. With an adaptor mounted to your camera, the image is projected through your 35mm lens onto the ground glass (which is vibrated or spun at high speed to disperse the pattern of the grain), and it is this projected image from the 35mm lens that the stock lens of your video camera records. You simply zoom in and focus your camera’s lens on the ground glass element and hit record. Voila! 35mm DOF characteristics. Very clever. 

Now the problems with the early adaptors were that you had huge amounts of light loss (sometimes as much as three stops), and the image from your 35mm lenses was projected upside down, which meant you had the image recorded upside down, which obviously causes considerable issues in regards to monitoring your footage whilst shooting and in post production.

However, with time things got better. Cinevate came out with the Brevis with very little light loss then Letus came out with the Extreme which had a built in optical flip and just half a stop of light loss. This for me was the game changer. I do most of my shooting in England, and prior to this, it was bloody tricky with these beasts. Big lights were needed for interiors, exteriors were fine as long as we had some sunshine! But now with the Letus I could essentially “light for video”.

It’s been eighteen months since the Letus Extreme came out and it has been a great tool to use. I have since upgraded to the spinning glass Ultimate as it allows me to stop down to f22 and not see any patterning on the glass, something that you get on vibrating adaptors at anything smaller than f5.6

Due to the necessity of using rails with the adaptors (to support their weight, as well as matte boxes and follow focus units) they are still really hard to use handheld. Fortunately there are some good solutions out there, especially by the Chicago-based Zacuto, who make a superb, but pricey rig that makes handheld usage really easy and well balanced. Which is essential in my opinion. Tripod stuff of course is much easier. The thing is, with these adaptors, once you start to use them you fall in love with the image, it is just beautiful. Also, having the ability to get such incredibly shallow DOF is unheard of in video cameras apart from the 35mm sensor ones like Panavision Genesis or the F35 and of course the RED ONE.

 

 

 

Whenever I shoot actuality, I ditch the adaptor and go “naked” but whenever I can I put the Letus on and love what I get…

Now, this brings us back to DSLRs. These are light, affordable, have large sensors (in the case of the Canon 5DII a full-frame 35mm sensor) and give you the ability to have shallow DOF without the hassles of an adaptor. Surely this is a dream come true, as up until now, to get 35mm sensors you’ve been looking at the F35, the Red One, the Genesis et all as I mentioned above… could these DSLRs bring 35mm-sized sensors within the grasp of almost every filmmaker? The answer is yes… and no.

First off let’s talk about the main player in this new DSLR video field. The Canon 5D MkII. It is capable of quite extraordinary images and astonishing low light performance, but is hampered by recording only in 30p, 12 minute record chunks, awful audio features and having a really poor lack of manual controls. Personally I have gotten around some of these issues with the 5D MkII by using a lens mount adaptor and Nikon lenses with manual apertures. Which allows me to get my shallow DOF, but I still have no control over the shutter and I have to do a very fiddly ISO lock trick to get the ISO I want.  But the sensor is also much bigger than cinema 35mm sensors due to the way actual film was designed to go through the gate.

 

Also the sensor suffers really badly from wobble from the electronic shutter, it is not as bad as the D90, but it is there. Meaning any real movement with the camera is not a good idea. Don’t forget, this camera is a stills camera that has been given a video mode so that sensor is far from optimised for video.

The new kid on the block is the Panasonic Lumix GH1. Now, I have been lucky enough to have been trying this out for two weeks whilst in the US. It has a smaller sensor, about half the size of the 5D MkII’s sensor, but has so many features on it that 5D MkII owners (like me) are drooling over. Crazy science fiction features like manual shutter! Manual Iris! Manual ISO! Crazy! It also has a terrific auto focus feature that is totally silent and can pick out faces and track them for focus. Not only that but you can also program it to remember certain people’s faces so it will pick them out if you tell it too!

Like the Canon it has a mic input, but also like the Canon still has no headphone jack for monitoring the audio you are recording. 

It also has a neat swivel screen so you can see the LCD at any angle, really handy. On top of that, because the “four-thirds” camera system employed by Olympus and Panasonic has junked the old SLR mirror system, you have an electronic viewfinder (EVF) that you can use in video mode. On both the D90 and 5D MkII you have to use “live mode” which uses the LCD screen only, as the cameras’ optical viewfinders are not usable when in video mode because the mirror is locked up to expose the sensor. Using the EVF gives you much steadier handheld footage, couple that with the camera’s built-in image stabilisation and it is pretty good operating this way. 

The GH1 performs really well, is super light. Has good low light performance (not a patch on the Canon but still pretty good). It records in AVCHD, a proper video format unlike the Canon’s awkward H264 format. But its codec isn’t that strong and it has a low bit rate of 17mbps, which would normally be okay on a true video camera but for some reason the 17mbps on the GH1 does not look as good on this camera as on some consumer video cameras.

Personally I have found shooting in 720p mode on the GH1 gives me a stronger image to work with, but on my PAL camera it only shoots 50p, not 25p (in a 50i stream) like the full HD mode. But this isn’t a big problem. Stick it on a 25p timeline and it works a treat, or change the timebase in Apple’s Cinema Tools to 25p and you get nice slow motion! USA cameras get 24p in a 60i stream and 60fps in 720p mode. It also can record in 30 minute chunks, better than the 12 minute Canon’s, but still nowhere near as good or practical as continuous recording offered by cameras like the Sony EX1.

Now, there are rumours that Canon are coming out with a 24p firmware upgrade for the 5D MkII that may or may not give you better manual controls (manual control now confirmed with launch of 2nd June firmware!). But even with this, these DSLRs still can’t replace proper video cameras. They are great tools to have, great for certain situations, but the ergonomics, the audio recording, the very poor sensor wobble, the lack of basic video camera things like headphone jack, ND filters, XLR inputs all make these hybrid cameras additions, rather than replacements for proper video cameras. 

Also there are some really cheap 35mm adaptors out there for hobbyists. Jag35.com have a static adaptor for $99 and a spinning one for about $370 dollars. Stick on that on a cheap Canon HV20 and the results are wonderful and film like.

For me, with any paid work, It’s still a full size camera or my Sony EX3/1 with Letus Ultimate (or equivalent) as it still produces stunning images, works like a video camera, operates like a video camera. Has great functions like over and undercranking, has XLR inputs, ND filters, a headphone jack (!) etc… and of course can actually handle movement! Of course there is also with the ability to switch cards whilst recording the ability to continuously record unlike the 5dmk2 and the GH1.

The 5D MkII is being used professionally by many people as a video camera. Many wedding videographers use them due to their incredible low light. Rodney Charters of 24 fame, has recently shot a TV pilot using I believe 4 5dmk2s with modified firmware to make it 24p. I even heard a rumour that 2 of them are being used on the set of the new “Harry Potter” film. Also the US military is using them as they shoot stills and video. Check out Tyler Ginter’s work on Vimeo.

The day of the DSLR killing the 35mm adaptor isn’t too far away, maybe three years? Even then killing is a strong word, there will still be a market for them as not everyone can afford a 5dmk2! But, until then, 35mm adaptors still are an essential part of my kit and I will continue to shoot commercials, documentaries and everything else on them. My 5D MkII will be my little project camera and my B camera, although I am getting enquiries about hiring me with the Canon as my main camera… My GH1 is my “go anywhere” camera. It will live in my bag, not just on vacations, but wherever I go. It’s small and produces astounding video and stills. But my EX3/1 and Letus combo will still be my main breadwinner for the next two years. Don’t be fooled into thinking DSLRs have superseded them, they haven’t. Not yet! But I do have a number of low budget, low light drama projects coming up and without a doubt it 5dmk2 all the way!

So where does that leave the 35mm adaptor manufacturers in two years time? Well they have been branching out for quite a while now. Redrock make the best high end cheap Mattebox out there and even make a cracking shoulder rid for the 5dmk2. Cinevate have some incredible bits of gear, great Dollys and also make a great Canon rig! On the high end of the market Letus have just brought out some great relays for 1/2″ and 2/3rd” cameras. Now, this is expensive gear and especially the B4 relays, but they will be used on very expensive cameras for big productions no doubt, cameras with much less compression than DSLRs using super reliable recording formats. That’s another bad thing about the 5d. It records in quicktime H264. A lovely finishing format, but a HORRIBLE format to edit with, so everything needs transcoding before editing and that takes time…

 

 

 

I will be hopefully soon be doing a video showing off all the main three DSLR rigs, just hoping to get hold of the Cinevate one too. 

 

The video and stills world appears to be heading towards total convergence, and big companies like Panasonic, Sony and Canon, with separate divisions for still and video will now for the first time, have to start talking to each other and take what they can both do to make killer combos. With the RED’s Scarlet camera on the horizon too, I suspect the landscape of video cameras will be almost unrecognisable in around  three to four years time. Wouldn’t it be great to have the sensors of the Canon 5dmk2 in bodies of cameras like the HPX 300 and still keep the same pricepoint?

 

 

 

I am lucky enough to be in position to own both video DSLRs and 35mm Adaptors with video cameras. For me, it really is the right tool for the right job. Tomorrow I fly to Boston to shoot a documentary for UK channel More4. What am I shooting on? The Letus Ultimate and EX1. Would I like to shoot on the 5dmk2? Sure, nice and small and a lot less kit to fly with (the bane of my life!), but all the limitations and as most of it is talking heads, so 12 minutes clip lengths just don’t work for me. Also the workflow of the EX cameras with SxS is so fast, easy and reliable. The rewrapping to .mov for FCP editing is super fast as is transferring off the card. So I will be sticking with my tried and tested combo…things will change though eventually. They have to, and faster than anyone could have predicated a year ago.

Will we have what the American’s call “Soccer Moms” out shooting their kids on the fixed lens Scarlet or a 5D MkII? I doubt it.  I gave my 5dmk2 to a friend at a BBQ at the weekend, with the Zacuto Z-Finder on, and she said “It’s so hard to focus, I hate it!” There is still going to be a market for cheap small chip cameras that hide a huge amount of operator mistakes, after all the bigger the sensor, the harder it is to get it right! Mind you saying that, the Lumix GH1 has an incredible auto focus feature on the stock lens, making it possible to just point and shoot for amateurs and that’s got a pretty decent sized sensor in that!

I love what I have been able to get with the Canon 5dmk2 and GH1. I have shot a few things on them recently and I am really impressed. Sofia’s People, Kauai Sunset, Always Returning and Joshua Tree. But do check out stuff I have done on the Letus Ultimate and EX3 around the same time…Rhyolite Ghost Town, Wondrous Place and NT Live.

So what is next? What is Nikon’s response going to be to the Canon 5dmk2? Especially with no video market to protect, rumours of a D400 and D750 are rife. What about Sony with their Alpha range? They are in more delicate position than Panasonic as they have a true DSLR on the market and they also have their enormous video range. Surely they cannot ignore what their DSLR rivals are doing but in doing so how much will it affect their video line? But still, if Sony do bring out a shoulder mounted ex camera like an EX5 I will be getting that for sure. It would be a terrific camera and work brilliantly with the Letus and Relay 

Personally I say bring it on. There never has been a more exciting time in video cameras than right now!

EDIT: 27th May 2009. FULL MANUAL CONTROL FOR 5dmk2 on JUNE 2nd. Final Cut Pro 7 WILL feature native h264 editing. Amazing news and changes a lot!! http://philipbloom.co.uk/2009/05/27/full-manual-control-for-the-canon-5dmk2-in-early-june/#more-3426

 

Philip Bloom is a London based DP and Director. He has been shooting for 20 years and is at the forefront of shooting with 35mm adaptors and DSLRs. His website is www.philipbloom.co.uk